When the load on a series generator increases, what is the effect on the output voltage?

When the load on a series generator increases, the effect on the output voltage is that it decreases. This phenomenon occurs due to the inherent characteristics of series generators, which have their field windings connected in series with the armature windings.

As the load increases, more current flows through the generator. Due to the resistance of the armature winding, an increase in current leads to an increase in the voltage drop across the internal resistance of the generator. This results in a lower output voltage available to the load, even though the input to the generator may remain constant.

In a series generator, the output voltage is directly related to the current through the field windings, which generates the magnetic field. However, as more current is drawn by the load, the resulting voltage drop from the internal resistance effectively reduces the output voltage. Therefore, the correct conclusion is that when the load increases, the output voltage decreases.