What is the role of interpoles in a motor?

Interpoles, also known as commutating poles, have a significant role in enhancing the performance of a motor, particularly in preventing neutral planes from shifting. In a motor, the neutral plane is the point at which there is no net magnetic field acting on the armature, allowing for the most efficient operation. When the motor operates under different loads, the magnetic field can shift, leading to issues such as sparking at the brushes and increased wear on the commutator.

Interpoles are strategically placed between the main poles of the motor to provide a corrective magnetic field. This additional field helps to maintain the stability of the neutral plane by compensating for changes in current and magnetic field strength during operation. As a result, interpoles ensure smoother commutation, reduce arcing, and improve overall efficiency, thereby enhancing the motor's performance.

While there are other components and features of a motor that influence speed, torque, and noise reduction, the specific function of interpoles revolves around stabilizing the neutral plane during the motor’s operation, making their role invaluable in maintaining effective motor function.