What are eddy currents described as?

Eddy currents are described as circulating currents set up by magnetic induction. This phenomenon occurs when a conductor is exposed to a changing magnetic field, causing loops of electrical current to be induced within the conductor. The name "eddy" reflects the swirling nature of these currents, similar to how eddies form in flowing water.

This process is a direct result of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that a change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will induce a voltage (and consequent current) within the wire. These currents flow in closed loops perpendicular to the magnetic field and can create localized heat due to the resistance within the material, which is often harnessed in applications such as induction heating or braking systems. Understanding the nature of eddy currents is important in various fields, including electrical engineering and materials science, where they can affect the performance of devices and systems.