Core losses in a transformer are primarily attributed to?

Core losses in a transformer are primarily attributed to hysteresis and eddy currents. Hysteresis losses occur due to the magnetic properties of the core material, where the magnetization and demagnetization of the core during each cycle of alternating current produce energy loss as heat. Materials used for transformer cores, such as silicon steel, are chosen for their low hysteresis loss characteristics, allowing for efficient operation.

Eddy currents are loops of electrical current induced within the core material due to changing magnetic fields. These currents flow perpendicular to the magnetic field lines and create resistive heating within the core, which also results in energy loss. To minimize these losses, transformer cores are often laminated or made from materials that have high electrical resistance, which inhibits the flow of these currents.

Understanding these core losses is crucial since they directly impact the efficiency and overall performance of the transformer. Effective design and material selection can significantly reduce these losses, making the transformer more efficient in converting electrical energy.